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1 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> 2 <!-- saved from url=(0036)http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html --> 3 <HTML><HEAD><TITLE>GNU General Public License - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</TITLE> 4 <META http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=windows-1252"><LINK 5 rev=made href="mailto:webmasters@www.gnu.org"> 6 <META content="MSHTML 6.00.2479.6" name=GENERATOR></HEAD> 7 <BODY text=#000000 vLink=#9900dd aLink=#ff0000 link=#1f00ff bgColor=#ffffff> 8 <H1>GNU General Public License</H1><A 9 href="http://www.gnu.org/graphics/philosophicalgnu.html"><IMG height=200 10 alt=" [image of a Philosophical GNU] " 11 src="http://www.gnu.org/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg" width=160></A> <!-- Please keep this list alphabetical --><!-- tower, gpl.ja.html is Japanese translation of THIS PAGE, --><!-- NOT translation of GPL itself(gpl.ja.html contains the original --><!-- English version). So please do not remove the following. --><!-- Thanks -mhatta -->[ 12 <A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html">English</A> | <A 13 href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.ja.html">Japanese</A> ] <!-- It is best to not enumerate the translations here in a menu bar, --><!-- It is best to have the users follow this link, so they have the FSF' --><!-- explanation about translations being unofficial, etc. --> 14 <P> 15 <UL> 16 <LI><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-violation.html"><EM>What to do if 17 you see a possible GPL violation</EM></A> 18 <LI><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/translations.html"><EM>Translations 19 of the GPL</EM></A> 20 <LI><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html"><EM>GPL Frequently 21 Asked Questions</EM></A> 22 <LI>The GNU General Public License (GPL) <A 23 href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.txt">in plain text format</A> 24 <LI>The GNU General Public License (GPL) <A 25 href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.texi">in Texinfo format</A> </LI></UL> 26 <P> 27 <HR> 28 29 <P> 30 <H2>Table of Contents</H2> 31 <UL> 32 <LI><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html#SEC1" name=TOC1>GNU GENERAL 33 PUBLIC LICENSE</A> 34 <UL> 35 <LI><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html#SEC2" 36 name=TOC2>Preamble</A> 37 <LI><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html#SEC3" name=TOC3>TERMS AND 38 CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</A> 39 <LI><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html#SEC4" name=TOC4>How to 40 Apply These Terms to Your New Programs</A> </LI></UL></LI></UL> 41 <P> 42 <HR> 43 44 <P> 45 <H2><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html#TOC1" name=SEC1>GNU GENERAL 46 PUBLIC LICENSE</A></H2> 47 <P>Version 2, June 1991 </P><PRE>Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 48 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA 49 50 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 51 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 52 </PRE> 53 <H2><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html#TOC2" 54 name=SEC2>Preamble</A></H2> 55 <P>The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to 56 share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to 57 guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the 58 software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most 59 of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose 60 authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is 61 covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 62 your programs, too. </P> 63 <P>When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our 64 General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to 65 distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish), 66 that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change 67 the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can 68 do these things. </P> 69 <P>To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to 70 deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. These restrictions 71 translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the 72 software, or if you modify it. </P> 73 <P>For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or 74 for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have. You must 75 make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show 76 them these terms so they know their rights. </P> 77 <P>We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) 78 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute 79 and/or modify the software. </P> 80 <P>Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that 81 everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software. If the 82 software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to 83 know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by 84 others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations. </P> 85 <P>Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We 86 wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually 87 obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent 88 this, we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free 89 use or not licensed at all. </P> 90 <P>The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification 91 follow. </P> 92 <H2><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html#TOC3" name=SEC3>TERMS AND 93 CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION</A></H2> 94 <P><STRONG>0.</STRONG> This License applies to any program or other work which 95 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 96 under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to 97 any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the 98 Program or any derivative work under copyright law: that is to say, a work 99 containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications 100 and/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included 101 without limitation in the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as 102 "you". 103 <P>Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered 104 by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of running the Program is 105 not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents 106 constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by 107 running the Program). Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 108 <P><STRONG>1.</STRONG> You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the 109 Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 110 conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright 111 notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to 112 this License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients 113 of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program. 114 <P>You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may 115 at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 116 <P><STRONG>2.</STRONG> You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any 117 portion of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and distribute 118 such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that you 119 also meet all of these conditions: 120 <P> 121 <UL> 122 <LI><STRONG>a)</STRONG> You must cause the modified files to carry prominent 123 notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 124 <P></P> 125 <LI><STRONG>b)</STRONG> You must cause any work that you distribute or 126 publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or 127 any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties 128 under the terms of this License. 129 <P></P> 130 <LI><STRONG>c)</STRONG> If the modified program normally reads commands 131 interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 132 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement 133 including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no 134 warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may 135 redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to 136 view a copy of this License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive 137 but does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on the 138 Program is not required to print an announcement.) </LI></UL>These requirements 139 apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are 140 not derived from the Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and 141 separate works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to 142 those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 143 distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the 144 Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License, 145 whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to 146 each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 147 <P>Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your 148 rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to exercise the 149 right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the 150 Program. 151 <P>In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with 152 the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of a storage or 153 distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this 154 License. 155 <P><STRONG>3.</STRONG> You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based 156 on it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 157 Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: <!-- we use this doubled UL to get the sub-sections indented, --><!-- while making the bullets as unobvious as possible. --> 158 <UL> 159 <LI><STRONG>a)</STRONG> Accompany it with the complete corresponding 160 machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of 161 Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; 162 or, 163 <P></P> 164 <LI><STRONG>b)</STRONG> Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least 165 three years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your cost of 166 physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of 167 the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 168 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 169 <P></P> 170 <LI><STRONG>c)</STRONG> Accompany it with the information you received as to 171 the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 172 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the 173 program in object code or executable form with such an offer, in accord with 174 Subsection b above.) </LI></UL>The source code for a work means the preferred 175 form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executable work, 176 complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus 177 any associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to control 178 compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a special exception, 179 the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally 180 distributed (in either source or binary form) with the major components 181 (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executable 182 runs, unless that component itself accompanies the executable. 183 <P>If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to 184 copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy the source 185 code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even though 186 third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 187 <P><STRONG>4.</STRONG> You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the 188 Program except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise 189 to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will 190 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, parties who 191 have received copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their 192 licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance. 193 <P><STRONG>5.</STRONG> You are not required to accept this License, since you 194 have not signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 195 distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by 196 law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing 197 the Program (or any work based on the Program), you indicate your acceptance of 198 this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, 199 distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it. 200 <P><STRONG>6.</STRONG> Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based 201 on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 202 original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these 203 terms and conditions. You may not impose any further restrictions on the 204 recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are not responsible for 205 enforcing compliance by third parties to this License. 206 <P><STRONG>7.</STRONG> If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of 207 patent infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 208 conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) 209 that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the 210 conditions of this License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy 211 simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent 212 obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all. 213 For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of 214 the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, 215 then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain 216 entirely from distribution of the Program. 217 <P>If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any 218 particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to apply and the 219 section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances. 220 <P>It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents 221 or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims; this 222 section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software 223 distribution system, which is implemented by public license practices. Many 224 people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software 225 distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 226 system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to 227 distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that 228 choice. 229 <P>This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a 230 consequence of the rest of this License. 231 <P><STRONG>8.</STRONG> If the distribution and/or use of the Program is 232 restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, 233 the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add 234 an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries, so 235 that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded. In 236 such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of 237 this License. 238 <P><STRONG>9.</STRONG> The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or 239 new versions of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions 240 will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 241 address new problems or concerns. 242 <P>Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 243 specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later 244 version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of 245 that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. 246 If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose 247 any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 248 <P><STRONG>10.</STRONG> If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into 249 other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the 250 author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 251 Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make 252 exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving 253 the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the 254 sharing and reuse of software generally. 255 <P><STRONG>NO WARRANTY</STRONG></P> 256 <P><STRONG>11.</STRONG> BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS 257 NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT 258 WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 259 PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR 260 IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 261 MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE 262 QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE 263 DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 264 265 <P><STRONG>12.</STRONG> IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED 266 TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY 267 AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR 268 DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES 269 ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT 270 LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 271 YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 272 PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 273 POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 274 <P> 275 <H2>END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS</H2> 276 <H2><A href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html#TOC4" name=SEC4>How to Apply 277 These Terms to Your New Programs</A></H2> 278 <P>If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible 279 use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software 280 which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. </P> 281 <P>To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach 282 them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion 283 of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a 284 pointer to where the full notice is found. </P><PRE><VAR>one line to give the program's name and an idea of what it does.</VAR> 285 Copyright (C) <VAR>yyyy</VAR> <VAR>name of author</VAR> 286 287 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or 288 modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License 289 as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 290 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. 291 292 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 293 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 294 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 295 GNU General Public License for more details. 296 297 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 298 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 299 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA. 300 </PRE> 301 <P>Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. </P> 302 <P>If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when 303 it starts in an interactive mode: </P><PRE>Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) <VAR>year</VAR> <VAR>name of author</VAR> 304 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details 305 type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome 306 to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' 307 for details. 308 </PRE> 309 <P>The hypothetical commands <SAMP>`show w'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`show c'</SAMP> 310 should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the 311 commands you use may be called something other than <SAMP>`show w'</SAMP> and 312 <SAMP>`show c'</SAMP>; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever 313 suits your program. </P> 314 <P>You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 315 school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. 316 Here is a sample; alter the names: </P><PRE>Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright 317 interest in the program `Gnomovision' 318 (which makes passes at compilers) written 319 by James Hacker. 320 321 <VAR>signature of Ty Coon</VAR>, 1 April 1989 322 Ty Coon, President of Vice 323 </PRE> 324 <P>This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 325 proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider 326 it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If 327 this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead 328 of this License. 329 <HR> 330 Return to <A href="http://www.gnu.org/home.html">GNU's home page</A>. 331 <P>FSF & GNU inquiries & questions to <A 332 href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>. Other <A 333 href="http://www.gnu.org/home.html#ContactInfo">ways to contact</A> the FSF. 334 <P>Comments on these web pages to <A 335 href="mailto:webmasters@www.gnu.org"><EM>webmasters@www.gnu.org</EM></A>, send 336 other questions to <A href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><EM>gnu@gnu.org</EM></A>. 337 <P>Copyright notice above.<BR>Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - 338 Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111, USA 339 <P>Updated: <!-- hhmts start -->Last modified: Sun Jul 15 13:13:30 CEST 2001 <!-- hhmts end --> 340 <HR> 341 </BODY></HTML>
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